B1–B2 EssentialGoethe B1, Goethe B2, telc Deutsch B2

German Adjective Endings Chart & Declension Rules

German adjective declension follows 3 distinct patterns depending on whether the preceding article already indicates the gender and case.

01

Mathematical Formula Blueprints

The Golden Rule of Adjective Endings

If the article already signals the gender/case clearly, the adjective takes a weak ending (-e or -en). If not, the adjective must carry the signal ending (-er, -es, -e).

Definite Article (der/die/das)++ Adjective (-e / -en)++ Noun
Example:

"Der alt-e Mann (Nom) | Den alt-en Mann (Akk) | Dem alt-en Mann (Dat)"

Typ 1 Weak Endings: Only -e (Nom Sg & Fem/Neut Akk) or -en (All others)

02

Core Rules & Sentence Mechanics

The Dative & Genitive Rule: Always "-en"

In the Dative and Genitive cases (both singular and plural), adjectives ALWAYS take the "-en" ending after any article (Typ 1 and Typ 2).

mit dem neuen Auto (Dat), einer netten Kollegin (Dat), des guten Weines (Gen).

Typ 3: Strong Declension (No Article)

When no article precedes the adjective, the adjective itself must carry the definite article endings (except masculine and neuter genitive which takes -en).

kalter Kaffee (der), frische Milch (die), warmes Wasser (das).
03

Reference Matrix & Master Table

Adjektivdeklination Overview Table (Typ 1, 2, and 3)
CaseTyp 1 (der/die/das)Typ 2 (ein/eine/kein)Typ 3 (No Article)
Nom. Mascder gut-e Mannein gut-er Manngut-er Wein
Akk. Mascden gut-en Manneinen gut-en Manngut-en Wein
Dat. Mascdem gut-en Manneinem gut-en Manngut-em Wein
Nom. Femdie schön-e Fraueine schön-e Frauschön-e Musik
Akk. Femdie schön-e Fraueine schön-e Frauschön-e Musik
Dat. Femder schön-en Fraueiner schön-en Frauschön-er Musik
Nom. Neutdas neu-e Autoein neu-es Autoneu-es Brot
Akk. Neutdas neu-e Autoein neu-es Autoneu-es Brot
Dat. Neutdem neu-en Autoeinem neu-en Autoneu-em Brot
Nom. Pluraldie neu-en Bücherkeine neu-en Bücherneu-e Bücher
Dat. Pluralden neu-en Büchernkeinen neu-en Büchernneu-en Büchern
04

Official Goethe & telc Exam Traps

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The Indefinite Neuter Accusative Trap

Learners often mistakenly write "ein schönes Buch" without the -s ending in the accusative.

COMMON MISTAKE (0 Points)

Ich habe ein schön Buch gekauft. (WRONG)

CORRECT STRUCTURE

Ich habe ein schönes Buch gekauft. (CORRECT)

Examiner Rule: Neuter Nominative & Accusative after "ein" always takes "-es".
05

Live Interactive Calibration

KNOWLEDGE CHECK

Test Your Understanding

Try these 2 interactive calibration questions for German Adjective Endings Chart & Declension Rules.

Question 1 of 2Adjektivdeklination Dativ

Wir haben gestern mit unserem neu[ ··· ] Nachbarn gesprochen.

Question 2 of 2Starke Adjektivdeklination

Kalt[ ··· ] Wasser ist an heißen Sommertagen besonders erfrischend.

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